You certainly don't know much about these two avant-garde new building materials!

Original title: You certainly don't know much about these two avant-garde new building materials! Building materials are the material basis of construction projects. From the beginning of construction on the earth to the prosperity of high-rise buildings in today's cities, the diversity of materials has gone through thousands of years with the progress of architectural forms and architectural arts.. Primitive stone built the beginning of human civilization, and the use of stone has accompanied the West for many years, while the East has developed its unique architectural culture with wooden frames. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, glass and steel came into the vision of architects, and since then steel and glass have dominated the world of architecture for many years. In modern times, with the rapid development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of chemical technology, various new structures and materials have sprung up like mushrooms after a spring rain, enriching our architectural vision, making buildings no longer so rigid, but more vivid and changeable. In fact, there are two kinds of new materials. The first is the old materials that have not been used or explored, which are processed by chemical means, such as volcanic rock, PVC, LED, gypsum board, etc.; the second is the new materials obtained by chemical means, such as ETFE, titanium metal plate, etc. The use of new materials greatly enriches the design means of architects, which enables the design to express freely and is no longer bound by the diversity of materials. Titanium sheet and ETFE (tetrafluoroethylene copolymer) are two new materials that are very popular nowadays and have extraordinary prospects. ETFE membrane is a superior alternative material for transparent building structures and has proven to be a reliable and economical roofing material in many projects over the years with its many advantages. The membrane is made of artificial high-strength fluoropolymer (ETFE), and its special anti-adhesion surface makes it highly anti-fouling and easy to clean. Rain water usually removes the main dirt. With a minimum service life of 25-35 years, ETFE membrane is ideal for permanent multi-storey portable roof structures. The membrane material is mostly used for two-layer or three-layer inflatable support structures with a span of 4 meters, and the span of the membrane can also be increased according to the geometric and climatic conditions of special projects. The length of the membrane is based on the standard of easy installation, generally 15-30 meters. Smaller sizes are also available for single-story structures with small spans. The ETFE membrane meets the fire rating standards of B1 and DIN4102, and will not drip when burning. And that weight of the film is very light, only 0. 15-0.35 kilogram per square meter. This feature gives it considerable advantages even in the case of film melting due to smoke and fire. Expand the full text Depending on the location and surface printing, ETFE films can provide up to 95% light transmission. The material does not block the transmission of light such as ultraviolet rays, so as to ensure the natural light inside the building. The translucency of the material can be further reduced to 50% by surface printing. Depending on the geometry and the number of layers, the K value can be as high as 2.0 W/m2K. Taking a three-layer printed film as an example, the energy consumption index can reach 0.77. Due to its excellent quality, the ETFE membrane requires almost no routine maintenance. The mechanically damaged roof may be briefly inspected (preferably once a year) and repaired on site as required. At the same time, the ventilation system can be checked and the filter can be replaced. ETFE membranes are completely recyclable materials that can be reused to produce new membrane materials or to produce other ETFE products after the separation of impurities. Because of its outstanding characteristics, ETFE membrane is widely used in the material selection of new buildings, especially in the design of buildings with large volume, large energy consumption and high requirements for building materials. In the National Olympic Swimming Pool, we are familiar with the Water Cube, which uses a large number of ETFE membranes. According to the design scheme, the internal and external vertical membrane structure of the Water Cube consists of 3065 air pillows (the smallest of which is 1-2 square meters and the largest is 70 square meters), covering an area of 100000 square meters and expanding an area of 260000 square meters, which is the largest membrane structure project in the world. It is also the only large-scale public building completely enclosed by membrane structure. The transparent characteristics of ETFE make the whole building look glittering and translucent, full of a fantastic color, and get a very outstanding visual effect. At the same time, ETFE has excellent toughness and corrosion resistance, so that it can have a very good architectural appearance under the more complex climatic conditions in Beijing. The light transmittance and self-cleaning function of the membrane not only save a lot of energy, meet the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction, titanium plate gr7 , but also save a lot of manpower and material resources, and truly realize the idea of Green Olympic. Another building that uses ETFE membrane extensively is the most luxurious and modern Allianz Football Stadium in Munich. Allianz Stadium has two of the world's largest: First, the world's largest composite exterior wall, consisting of 2874 diamond-shaped air pillows, of which 1056 will emit dazzling light during the game. The film thickness of the air pillow is only 0.2 mm, but it can isolate 98% of the ultraviolet rays; Second, the underground parking lot of Allianz Stadium is the largest parking lot in Europe, which can accommodate 9800 cars. The outside of the football field is made of smooth and expandable ETFE material, which can emit different lights. The red and white or blue and white diamonds make the whole building look like a large LED screen. The transparent roof looks separated from the walls of the stadium. The whole looks very fantastic. Comprehensive analysis of the above two examples, we can easily find that the excellent architectural characteristics of ETFE membrane can meet the design needs of new large-scale buildings, not only has a very beautiful visual effect, but also has excellent characteristics in other aspects, it will be a very promising building material. Titanium-zinc sheet for roof/wall is made of high-purity metal zinc (99.995%) conforming to European quality standard EN1179 and a small amount of titanium and copper. The content of titanium is 0.06% -0.20%, which can improve the creep resistance of the alloy. The content of copper is 0.08% -1.00%, which can increase the hardness of the alloy. Zinc is an excellent and durable metallic material with natural corrosion resistance. A dense passivating protective layer can be formed on the surface, so that the zinc maintains an extremely slow corrosion rate. The results show that the corrosion rate of zinc is less than 1 micron per year, and the 0. 7 mm titanium-zinc plate can be used for nearly 100 years. The wound can recover automatically. The thickness of the wound surface can recover 0.001 μ in one day, rise to 0.005 μ after one day, and rise to 0.01 μ after 20 days. All self-protecting metals can maintain the luster of the metal for a long time. The thickness of titanium-zinc sheet for roof/wall is 0.5 ~ 1.0mm, and the weight is 3.5 ~ 7.5kg/m2. For example, the weight of titanium-zinc sheet roof panel with thickness of 0.82 mm is only 5.7 kg/m2, which is a very light roof material and basically has no effect on the roof structure. The breaking strength of titanium-zinc sheet for roofing is 16 kg/mm2, the elongation is 15 ~ 18%, the elastic modulus is 1.5 × 105MPa, and the density is 7.15. The applicable gradient of the titanium-zinc plate is 3 to 90 degrees, and the zinc plate can be used for almost all gradients from a very low gradient to a vertical gradient. The width of the pure zinc roof panel is 1m, and the length is not limited to the coil. There are many ways to fix it, such as folding the connecting plate and two layers of zinc plates together for occlusion; the seam can achieve good waterproof effect without any treatment. In addition to pure zinc sheet roofing materials, some zinc alloy roofing materials have been applied successfully in recent years. For example, titanium-containing zinc roofing materials will produce a relatively dense and insoluble protective layer of zinc bicarbonate when subjected to atmospheric erosion, or a protective layer of zinc oxychloride under the action of marine air. This feature makes it extremely weather-resistant and requires no maintenance. Titanium-zinc sheet is a titanium-zinc alloy product developed to meet the specific requirements of construction, thus advancing the application of zinc. The titanium-zinc plate is a high-grade electrolytic zinc with a purity of 99.995%, which is mixed with 1% titanium and 1% copper, so that the processing performance is greatly improved and the quality is better. The titanium-zinc sheet is a pleasant baskety-gray color with an oxidized surface that blends well with most materials. Its self-healing ability is strong, and the oxide layer can not only add structural charm with the passage of time, but also has the advantage of low maintenance cost. The roof of the National Grand Theatre, which has attracted worldwide attention, will be made of titanium plate, which is the first time that titanium is used in the field of construction in China. The surface of the main building of the National Grand Theatre is composed of nearly 20000 titanium metal plates. These titanium plates are made to measure. Nanometer self-cleaning titanium plate is specially designed for the special requirements of the National Grand Theatre for the outer surface of the building titanium plate, and the surface is treated with nanometer treatment. Under the condition of keeping the original performance unchanged, the treated titanium plate can make the water completely and uniformly spread on the surface of the titanium plate, completely infiltrate the titanium plate, and carry away the dust attached to the surface. Under the action of sunlight, the nano self-cleaning titanium plate can decompose organic stains attached to the surface of the titanium plate, thereby achieving the self-cleaning effect and keeping the titanium plate clean for a long time. The visual effect of the titanium plate makes the National Grand Theatre stand out as a landmark in a series of new buildings in Beijing. In addition to the use of titanium sheet as a roofing material in large public buildings, titanium-zinc sheet is also widely used in ordinary civil buildings, especially in large cities in Europe, such as Paris in France, London in the United Kingdom, Rome in Italy and other cities,titanium exhaust tubing, where many buildings use titanium-zinc sheet as a roofing material. The use of new materials makes the architectural form show a flourishing situation, so that architects can imagine and design freely, which lays a solid foundation for the design of new buildings. Details are as follows: Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. yunchtitanium.com